|
Some useful
data and physical properties for unalloyed zirconium are listed
below. Because published values vary, data sources referenced
should be consulted for precision applications.
|
| Discoverer
¹ |
Klaproth,
1789
|
| Named
for ¹ |
Zargun,
Persian word for "gold like"
|
| Abundance
in Earth’s Crust ¹ |
Eighteenth,
165 g/metric ton
|
| Chemical
Symbol ¹ |
Zr
|
| Color
¹ |
Silver
Grey (Gold)
|
| Atomic
Number ¹ |
40
|
| Standard
Atomic Weight (1989) ¹ |
91.224
|
| Atomic
Volume ³ |
14.06
cm³/mol
|
| Lattice
Constant at 20°C³ |
3.2312
|
| Density
¹ |
6.503
gm/cm³ (0.2349 lbs/in³)
|
| Hardness
³ |
Rockwell
B82
|
Elastic
Modulus in Torsion  |
E = 14.4 x 10 psi
|
| Elastic
Modulus in Torsion |
G = 5.25 x 10
psi
|
Poisson's
Ratio  |
0.35
|
| Thermal
Expansion Coefficient (25°C) ¹ |
5.7
x 10
cm/cm/°C (3.17 x 10 in/in/°F) |
Thermal
Conductivity ( )at
27°C ¹ |
19.53
Kcal /h·m·°C
(13.125 BTU/h·ft²·°F/ft.)(0.227 W/cm·K) |
| Melting
Point, Tm, 1 Atm. ¹ |
1852°C
± 2°C (3334°F) |
| Boiling
Point, Tb, 1 Atm. ¹ |
4377°C
(7879°F) |
Enthalpy
of Fusion, 
fusH,
J/g ¹ |
150g |
| Enthalpy,
H° ¹ |
608.8
kJ/mol |
| Gibbs
Energy of Formation,
fG°
¹ |
566.5
kJ/mol (gaseous state) |
| Standard
Entropy, S° (25°C) ¹ |
39
J/mol·C (crystalline state) |
| Standard
Entropy, S° (25°C) ¹ |
181.4
J/mol·C (gaseous state) |
| Specific
Heat Capacity, Cp (25°C)
¹ |
25.4
J/mol (crystalline state) |
| Specific
Heat Capacity, Cp (25°C)
¹ |
26.7
J/mol (gaseous state) |
| Specific
Electrical Resistivity ¹ |
38.8
micro-ohms /cm/cm² at 0 and 20°C |
Electrical
Conductivity |
4.02%
of pure copper |
| Superconductive
Transformation Temp.² |
0.56 °K |
| Specific
Magnetic Susceptibility (20°C)¹ |
-122
x 10
cgs |
Emissivity,
 , at 294°K |
0.13
atb 70°F(21°C); 0.30 at 1000°F (538°C) |
| Nuclear
Cross Section ²·³ |
0.18
barns/atom |
| Neutral
& First Ionization Potential ¹ |
I - 6.63390,
II - 13.13 eV (to V)
|
| Room
Temperature Structure (alpha) |
Hexagonal
Close Packed (HCP) |
| Beta
Transus |
1590°F
±25°F(865°C±14°C) |
| Structure
above Beta Transus (beta) |
Body
Centered Cubic (BCC) |
| Standard
Reduction Potential, Eo 25°C¹
|
-1.553
(ZrO2 + 4 H
4e 2
Zr + 2 H2O) |
| Electron
Work Function ¹ |
4.05
eV |
| Oxides
and Oxidation States ¹ |
ZrO2
+4 |
| Valence
¹ |
+2,
+3, +4 |
| Electron
Configuration ¹ |
-8-10-2 |
